splineData.h

//
// Copyright 2024 Pixar
//
// Licensed under the terms set forth in the LICENSE.txt file available at
// https://openusd.org/license.
//
 
#ifndef PXR_BASE_TS_SPLINE_DATA_H
#define PXR_BASE_TS_SPLINE_DATA_H
 
#include "pxr/pxr.h"
#include "pxr/base/ts/api.h"
#include "pxr/base/ts/knotData.h"
#include "pxr/base/ts/types.h"
#include "pxr/base/ts/typeHelpers.h"
#include "pxr/base/vt/dictionary.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/diagnostic.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/type.h"
#include "pxr/base/tf/stl.h"
 
#include <vector>
#include <unordered_map>
#include <algorithm>
#include <iterator>
#include <utility>
#include <cmath>
 
PXR_NAMESPACE_OPEN_SCOPE
 
class TsSpline;
 
 
// Primary data structure for splines.  Abstract; subclasses store knot data,
// which is flexibly typed (double/float/half).  This is the unit of data that
// is managed by shared_ptr, and forms the basis of copy-on-write data sharing.
//
struct Ts_SplineData
{
public:
    // If valueType is known, create a TypedSplineData of the specified type.
    // If valueType is unknown, create a TypedSplineData<double> to store
    // overall spline parameters in the absence of a value type; this assumes
    // that when knots arrive, they are most likely to be double-typed.  If
    // overallParamSource is provided, it is a previous overall-only struct, and
    // our guess about double was wrong, so we are transferring the overall
    // parameters.
    static Ts_SplineData* Create(
        TfType valueType,
        const Ts_SplineData *overallParamSource = nullptr);
 
    virtual ~Ts_SplineData();
 
public:
    // Virtual interface for typed data.
 
    virtual TfType GetValueType() const = 0;
    virtual size_t GetKnotStructSize() const = 0;
    virtual Ts_SplineData* Clone() const = 0;
 
    virtual bool operator==(const Ts_SplineData &other) const = 0;
 
    virtual void ReserveForKnotCount(size_t count) = 0;
    virtual void PushKnot(
        const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) = 0;
    // // Overload of PushKnot that offsets the time by timeOffset and values by
    // // valueOffset. This allows us to unroll knots in loops without having to
    // // dispatch based on TfType comparisons.
    // virtual void PushKnot(
    //     const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
    //     const VtDictionary &customData,
    //     const double timeOffset,
    //     const double valueOffset) = 0;
    virtual size_t SetKnot(
        const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) = 0;
 
    // For ease of use by breakdown, double knot data to be set into any type of
    // spline.
    virtual size_t SetKnotFromDouble(
        const Ts_TypedKnotData<double>* knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) = 0;
 
    virtual Ts_KnotData* CloneKnotAtIndex(size_t index) const = 0;
    virtual Ts_KnotData* CloneKnotAtTime(TsTime time) const = 0;
    virtual Ts_KnotData* GetKnotPtrAtIndex(size_t index) = 0;
    virtual const Ts_KnotData* GetKnotPtrAtIndex(size_t index) const = 0;
    virtual Ts_TypedKnotData<double>
        GetKnotDataAsDouble(size_t index) const = 0;
    virtual double GetKnotValueAsDouble(size_t index) const = 0;
 
    virtual void ClearKnots() = 0;
    virtual void RemoveKnotAtTime(TsTime time) = 0;
 
    virtual void ApplyOffsetAndScale(
        TsTime offset,
        double scale) = 0;
 
    virtual bool HasValueBlocks() const = 0;
    virtual bool HasValueBlockAtTime(TsTime time) const = 0;
 
    virtual bool UpdateKnotTangentsAtIndex(size_t index) = 0;
 
public:
    // Returns whether there is a valid inner-loop configuration.  If
    // firstProtoIndexOut is provided, it receives the index of the first knot
    // in the prototype.
    bool HasInnerLoops(
        size_t *firstProtoIndexOut = nullptr) const;
 
public:
    // BITFIELDS - note: for enum-typed bitfields, we declare one bit more than
    // is minimally needed to represent all declared enum values.  For example,
    // TsCurveType has only two values, so it should be representable in one
    // bit.  However, compilers are free to choose the underlying representation
    // of enums, and some platforms choose signed values, meaning that we
    // actually need one bit more, so that we can hold the sign bit.  We could
    // declare the enums with unsigned underlying types, but that runs into a
    // gcc 9.2 bug.  We can spare the extra bit; alignment means there is no
    // difference in struct size.
 
    // If true, our subtype is authoritative; we know our value type.  If false,
    // then no value type was provided at initialization, and no knots have been
    // set.  In the latter case, we exist only to store overall parameters, and
    // we have been presumptively created as TypedSplineData<double>.
    bool isTyped : 1;
 
    // Whether ApplyOffsetAndScale applies to values also.
    bool timeValued : 1;
 
    // Overall spline parameters.
    TsCurveType curveType : 2;
    TsExtrapolation preExtrapolation;
    TsExtrapolation postExtrapolation;
    TsLoopParams loopParams;
 
    // A duplicate of the knot times, so that we can maximize locality while
    // performing binary searches for knots.  This is part of the evaluation hot
    // path; given an eval time, we must find either the knot at that time, or
    // the knots before and after that time.  The entries in this vector
    // correspond exactly to the entries in the 'knots' vector in
    // Ts_TypedSplineData.  Times are unique and sorted in ascending order.
    std::vector<TsTime> times;
 
    // Custom data for knots, sparsely allocated, keyed by time.
    std::unordered_map<TsTime, VtDictionary> customData;
};
 
 
// Concrete subclass of Ts_SplineData.  Templated on T, the value type.
//
template <typename T>
struct Ts_TypedSplineData final :
    public Ts_SplineData
{
public:
    TfType GetValueType() const override;
    size_t GetKnotStructSize() const override;
    Ts_SplineData* Clone() const override;
 
    bool operator==(const Ts_SplineData &other) const override;
 
    void ReserveForKnotCount(size_t count) override;
    void PushKnot(
        const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) override;
    // void PushKnot(
    //     const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
    //     const VtDictionary &customData,
    //     const double timeOffset,
    //     const double valueOffset) override;
    size_t SetKnot(
        const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) override;
 
    // For ease of use while splitting, double knot data to be set
    // into any type of spline.
    size_t SetKnotFromDouble(
        const Ts_TypedKnotData<double>* knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customData) override;
 
    Ts_KnotData* CloneKnotAtIndex(size_t index) const override;
    Ts_KnotData* CloneKnotAtTime(TsTime time) const override;
    Ts_KnotData* GetKnotPtrAtIndex(size_t index) override;
    const Ts_KnotData* GetKnotPtrAtIndex(size_t index) const override;
    Ts_TypedKnotData<double>
        GetKnotDataAsDouble(size_t index) const override;
    double GetKnotValueAsDouble(size_t index) const override;
 
    void ClearKnots() override;
    void RemoveKnotAtTime(TsTime time) override;
 
    // Apply offset and scale to all spline data.
    // 
    // If \p scale is negative, a coding error is generated. This is because 
    // the spline is not only scaled, but also time-reversed. Doing so can
    // lead to incorrect evaluation results with any scenario where direction
    // of time is assumed, like dual-value knots, inner looping,
    // segment interpolation mode assignment, etc.
    void ApplyOffsetAndScale(
        TsTime offset,
        double scale) override;
 
    bool HasValueBlocks() const override;
    bool HasValueBlockAtTime(TsTime time) const override;
 
    bool UpdateKnotTangentsAtIndex(size_t index) override;
 
public:
    // Per-knot data.
    std::vector<Ts_TypedKnotData<T>> knots;
};
 
 
// Data-access helpers for the Ts implementation.  The untyped functions are
// friends of TsSpline, and retrieve private data pointers.
 
Ts_SplineData*
Ts_GetSplineData(TsSpline &spline);
 
const Ts_SplineData*
Ts_GetSplineData(const TsSpline &spline);
 
template <typename T>
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*
Ts_GetTypedSplineData(TsSpline &spline);
 
template <typename T>
const Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*
Ts_GetTypedSplineData(const TsSpline &spline);
 
 
// TEMPLATE IMPLEMENTATIONS
 
template <typename T>
TfType Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetValueType() const
{
    if (!isTyped)
    {
        return TfType();
    }
 
    return Ts_GetType<T>();
}
 
template <typename T>
size_t Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetKnotStructSize() const
{
    return sizeof(Ts_TypedKnotData<T>);
}
 
template <typename T>
Ts_SplineData*
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::Clone() const
{
    return new Ts_TypedSplineData<T>(*this);
}
 
template <typename T>
bool Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::operator==(
    const Ts_SplineData &other) const
{
    // Compare non-templated data.
    if (isTyped != other.isTyped
        || timeValued != other.timeValued
        || curveType != other.curveType
        || preExtrapolation != other.preExtrapolation
        || postExtrapolation != other.postExtrapolation
        || loopParams != other.loopParams
        || customData != other.customData)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    // Downcast to our value type.  If other is not of the same type, we're not
    // equal.
    const Ts_TypedSplineData<T>* const typedOther =
        dynamic_cast<const Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*>(&other);
    if (!typedOther)
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    // Compare all knots.
    return knots == typedOther->knots;
}
 
template <typename T>
void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::ReserveForKnotCount(
    const size_t count)
{
    times.reserve(count);
    knots.reserve(count);
}
 
template <typename T>
void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::PushKnot(
    const Ts_KnotData* const knotData,
    const VtDictionary &customDataIn)
{
    const Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* const typedKnotData =
        static_cast<const Ts_TypedKnotData<T>*>(knotData);
 
    times.push_back(knotData->time);
    knots.push_back(*typedKnotData);
 
    if (!customDataIn.empty())
    {
        customData[knotData->time] = customDataIn;
    }
}
 
// template <typename T>
// void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::PushKnot(
//     const Ts_KnotData *knotData,
//     const VtDictionary &customDataIn,
//     const double timeOffset,
//     const double valueOffset)
// {
//     Ts_TypedKnotData<T> typedKnotData(
//         *static_cast<const Ts_TypedKnotData<T>*>(knotData));
 
//     typedKnotData.time += timeOffset;
//     typedKnotData.value += valueOffset;
//     typedKnotData.preValue += valueOffset;
 
//     // Clamp to prevent infinities in types smaller than double (especially
//     // GfHalf).
//     if constexpr(!std::is_same_v<T, double>) {
//         if (typedKnotData.value > std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
//             typedKnotData.value = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
//         } else if (typedKnotData.value < std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest()) {
//             typedKnotData.value = std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
//         }
 
//         if (typedKnotData.preValue > std::numeric_limits<T>::max()) {
//             typedKnotData.preValue = std::numeric_limits<T>::max();
//         } else if (typedKnotData.preValue < std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest()) {
//             typedKnotData.preValue = std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest();
//         }
//     }
 
//     times.push_back(typedKnotData.time);
//     knots.push_back(typedKnotData);
 
//     if (!customDataIn.empty())
//     {
//         customData[knotData->time] = customDataIn;
//     }
// }
 
template <typename T>
size_t Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::SetKnot(
    const Ts_KnotData* const knotData,
    const VtDictionary &customDataIn)
{
    const Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* const typedKnotData =
        static_cast<const Ts_TypedKnotData<T>*>(knotData);
 
    // Use binary search to find insert-or-overwrite position.
    const auto it =
        std::lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), knotData->time);
    const size_t idx =
        it - times.begin();
    const bool overwrite =
        (it != times.end() && *it == knotData->time);
 
    // Insert or overwrite new time and knot data.
    if (overwrite)
    {
        times[idx] = knotData->time;
        knots[idx] = *typedKnotData;
    }
    else
    {
        times.insert(it, knotData->time);
        knots.insert(knots.begin() + idx, *typedKnotData);
    }
 
    // Store customData, if any.
    if (!customDataIn.empty())
    {
        customData[knotData->time] = customDataIn;
    }
 
    return idx;
}
 
template <typename T>
size_t Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::SetKnotFromDouble(
        const Ts_TypedKnotData<double>* knotData,
        const VtDictionary &customDataIn)
{
    // If we have double data, just set it directly.
    if constexpr(std::is_same_v<T, double>) {
        return SetKnot(knotData, customDataIn);
    }
 
    Ts_TypedKnotData<T> typedData;
 
    // Use operator= to copy base-class members.  This is admittedly weird, but
    // it will continue working if members are added to the base class.
    static_cast<Ts_KnotData&>(typedData) = 
        static_cast<const Ts_KnotData&>(*knotData);
 
    // We need to copy and convert the data from double to T. We don't want
    // infinite values, so clamp to the largest possible finite value.
    auto _Clamp_cast =
        [](double v) -> T
        {
            if (v >= 0) {
                return std::min(T(v), std::numeric_limits<T>::max());
            } else {
                return std::max(T(v), std::numeric_limits<T>::lowest());
            }
        };
 
    // Convert and clamp the value fields.
    typedData.value = _Clamp_cast(knotData->value);
    typedData.preValue = _Clamp_cast(knotData->preValue);
 
    // Slopes are tricky. If they overflow, we need to compute a new slope and a
    // new width such that the new tangent end-point is as close as possible to
    // the original tangent end point.
 
    auto _ConvertTangent =
        [&_Clamp_cast](double slope, double* width) -> T
        {
            T typedSlope = T(slope);
            // std::isfinite<GfHalf>() is missing so use the helper from
            // typeHelpers.h instead.
            if (Ts_IsFinite(typedSlope)) {
                return typedSlope;
            }
 
            // Convert both the slope and width to values that preserve the
            // endpoint of the tangent as much as possible.
            double height = *width * slope;
 
            // typedSlope is infinite, clamp it to a finite value.
            typedSlope = _Clamp_cast(slope);
 
            // modify width to preserve the tangent's height.
            *width = height / typedSlope;
 
            return typedSlope;
        };
 
    typedData.preTanSlope = _ConvertTangent(knotData->preTanSlope,
                                            &typedData.preTanWidth);
    typedData.postTanSlope = _ConvertTangent(knotData->postTanSlope,
                                             &typedData.postTanWidth);
 
    return SetKnot(&typedData, customDataIn);
}
 
template <typename T>
Ts_KnotData*
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::CloneKnotAtIndex(
    const size_t index) const
{
    return new Ts_TypedKnotData<T>(knots[index]);
}
 
template <typename T>
Ts_KnotData*
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::CloneKnotAtTime(
    const TsTime time) const
{
    const auto it = std::lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), time);
    if (it == times.end() || *it != time)
    {
        return nullptr;
    }
 
    const auto knotIt = knots.begin() + (it - times.begin());
    return new Ts_TypedKnotData<T>(*knotIt);
}
 
template <typename T>
Ts_KnotData*
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetKnotPtrAtIndex(
    const size_t index)
{
    return &(knots[index]);
}
 
template <typename T>
const Ts_KnotData*
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetKnotPtrAtIndex(
    const size_t index) const
{
    return &(knots[index]);
}
 
// Depending on T, this is either a verbatim copy or an increase in precision.
template <typename T>
Ts_TypedKnotData<double>
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetKnotDataAsDouble(
    const size_t index) const
{
    const Ts_TypedKnotData<T> &in = knots[index];
    Ts_TypedKnotData<double> out;
 
    // Use operator= to copy base-class members.  This is admittedly weird, but
    // it will continue working if members are added to the base class.
    static_cast<Ts_KnotData&>(out) = static_cast<const Ts_KnotData&>(in);
 
    // Copy derived members individually.
    out.value = in.value;
    out.preValue = in.preValue;
    out.preTanSlope = in.preTanSlope;
    out.postTanSlope = in.postTanSlope;
 
    return out;
}
 
// Depending on T, this is either a verbatim copy or an increase in precision.
template <typename T>
double
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::GetKnotValueAsDouble(
    const size_t index) const
{
    const Ts_TypedKnotData<T> &typedData = knots[index];
    return typedData.value;
}
 
template <typename T>
void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::ClearKnots()
{
    times.clear();
    customData.clear();
    knots.clear();
}
 
template <typename T>
void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::RemoveKnotAtTime(
    const TsTime time)
{
    const auto it = std::lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), time);
    if (it == times.end() || *it != time)
    {
        TF_CODING_ERROR("Cannot remove nonexistent knot from SplineData");
        return;
    }
 
    const size_t idx = it - times.begin();
    times.erase(it);
    customData.erase(time);
    knots.erase(knots.begin() + idx);
 
    // Update the tangents on the knots either side of the one removed
    if (idx > 0) {
        UpdateKnotTangentsAtIndex(idx - 1);
    }
    if (idx < times.size()) {
        UpdateKnotTangentsAtIndex(idx);
    }
}
 
template <typename T>
static void _ApplyOffsetAndScaleToKnot(
    Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* const knotData,
    const TsTime offset,
    const double scale)
{
    // In our private implementation, we must have set a positive scale.
    TF_VERIFY(scale > 0);
 
    // Process knot time (absolute).
    knotData->time = knotData->time * scale + offset;
 
    // Process tangent widths (relative, strictly positive).
    knotData->preTanWidth *= scale;
    knotData->postTanWidth *= scale;
 
    // Process slopes (inverse relative).
    knotData->preTanSlope /= scale;
    knotData->postTanSlope /= scale;
}
 
template <typename T>
void Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::ApplyOffsetAndScale(
    const TsTime offset,
    const double scale)
{
    if (scale <= 0)
    {
        TF_CODING_ERROR("Applying zero or negative scale to spline data, "
                        "collapsing/reversing time and spline representation "
                        "is not allowed.");
        return;
    }
 
    // The spline is changed in the time dimension only.
    // Different parameters are affected in different ways:
    // - Absolute times (e.g. knot times): apply scale and offset.
    // - Relative times (e.g. tan widths): apply scale only.
    // - Inverse relative (slopes): slope = height/width, so we apply 1/scale.
 
    // Scale extrapolation slopes if applicable (inverse relative).
    if (preExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapSloped)
    {
        preExtrapolation.slope /= scale;
    }
    if (postExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapSloped)
    {
        postExtrapolation.slope /= scale;
    }
 
    // Process inner-loop params.
    if (loopParams.protoEnd > loopParams.protoStart)
    {
        // Process start and end times (absolute).
        loopParams.protoStart = loopParams.protoStart * scale + offset;
        loopParams.protoEnd = loopParams.protoEnd * scale + offset;
    }
 
    // Process knot-times vector (absolute).
    for (TsTime &time : times) {
        time = time * scale + offset;
    }
 
    // Process knots.  Duplicate the logic that is applied unconditionally, so
    // that we can rip through the entire vector just once, and we don't have to
    // do the if-check on each iteration.
    if (timeValued)
    {
        for (Ts_TypedKnotData<T> &knotData : knots)
        {
            _ApplyOffsetAndScaleToKnot(&knotData, offset, scale);
 
            // Process time values (absolute).
            knotData.value =
                static_cast<T>(knotData.value * scale + offset);
            knotData.preValue =
                static_cast<T>(knotData.preValue * scale + offset);
        }
    }
    else
    {
        for (Ts_TypedKnotData<T> &knotData : knots) {
            _ApplyOffsetAndScaleToKnot(&knotData, offset, scale);
        }
    }
 
    // Re-index custom data.  Times are adjusted absolutely.
    if (!customData.empty())
    {
        std::unordered_map<TsTime, VtDictionary> newCustomData;
        for (const auto &mapPair : customData) {
            newCustomData[mapPair.first * scale + offset] = mapPair.second;
        }
        customData.swap(newCustomData);
    }
}
 
template <typename T>
bool Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::HasValueBlocks() const
{
    if (knots.empty())
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    if (preExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapValueBlock
        || postExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapValueBlock)
    {
        return true;
    }
 
    for (const Ts_TypedKnotData<T> &knotData : knots)
    {
        if (knotData.nextInterp == TsInterpValueBlock)
        {
            return true;
        }
    }
 
    return false;
}
 
template <typename T>
bool Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::HasValueBlockAtTime(
    const TsTime time) const
{
    // If no knots, no blocks.
    if (knots.empty())
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    // Find first knot at or after time.
    const auto lbIt =
        std::lower_bound(times.begin(), times.end(), time);
 
    // If time is after all knots, return whether we have blocked
    // post-extrapolation.
    if (lbIt == times.end())
    {
        return postExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapValueBlock;
    }
 
    // If there is a knot at this time, return whether its segment has blocked
    // interpolation.
    if (*lbIt == time)
    {
        const auto knotIt = knots.begin() + (lbIt - times.begin());
        return knotIt->nextInterp == TsInterpValueBlock;
    }
 
    // If time is before all knots, return whether we have blocked
    // pre-extrapolation.
    if (lbIt == times.begin())
    {
        return preExtrapolation.mode == TsExtrapValueBlock;
    }
 
    // Between knots.  Return whether the segment that we're in has blocked
    // interpolation.
    const auto knotIt = knots.begin() + (lbIt - times.begin());
    return (knotIt - 1)->nextInterp == TsInterpValueBlock;
}
 
template <typename T>
bool Ts_TypedSplineData<T>::UpdateKnotTangentsAtIndex(size_t index)
{
    // XXX: Should we use PXR_PREFER_SAFETY_OVER_SPEED around this test?
    if (!TF_VERIFY(index < knots.size(),
                   "Knot index (%zd) out of range [0 .. %zd)",
                   index, knots.size()))
    {
        return false;
    }
 
    Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* prevKnot = (index > 0 ? &knots[index - 1] : nullptr);
    Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* knot = &knots[index];
    Ts_TypedKnotData<T>* nextKnot = (index < knots.size() - 1
                                     ? &knots[index + 1]
                                     : nullptr);
 
    return knot->UpdateTangents(prevKnot, nextKnot, curveType);
}
 
template <typename T>
Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*
Ts_GetTypedSplineData(TsSpline &spline)
{
    return static_cast<Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*>(
        Ts_GetSplineData(spline));
}
 
template <typename T>
const Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*
Ts_GetTypedSplineData(const TsSpline &spline)
{
    return static_cast<Ts_TypedSplineData<T>*>(
        Ts_GetSplineData(spline));
}
 
 
PXR_NAMESPACE_CLOSE_SCOPE
 
#endif